These pain screening and assessment tools can be self-reported (by the individual experiencing pain and/or their family) or observational (behaviours observed by a health provider in an individual who is unable to communicate or is unconscious). This is a list of validated tools that can be used to assess pain in various populations and contexts. However, this is not an exhaustive list. Please follow organizational policies for pain tool usage. Not all tools are validated for all populations and settings. RNAO does not endorse the use of any one specific pain screening and assessment tool.

Reference: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. (2025). Appendix D of Pain: Prevention, assessment and management. (Fourth Ed.). Toronto, ON: Author.